The sense of space in the headset has always been unsatisfactory (the other is low frequency), which should be said not the shortcomings of the headset, but the characteristics of the headset. The headset is to hang two small speakers on the head (the headset was originally produced in this way), the sound field is naturally in the head. Modern recordings often use multi-microphone radios. There are few recordings for single-point recordings and head recordings. This is one of the reasons for the poor spatial feel of headphones. In order to improve the “head-in effect†and make the headphone sense of hearing more in line with human physiological and psychological characteristics, it is necessary to simulate space. There are three main methods: cross-feeding, in-front localization, Surround, the first two methods are for two-channel stereo systems and surround sound is for multi-channel systems.
2.1 Cross feeds such as the AKG K1000, Precide Ergo, and Jecblin Float, their sound units are not wrapped around the ears, there is a distance from the ear, so that each ear can hear the sound of the other side of the unit, this mutual feedback Coupled with the auricle's sound localization, the sound field will be more forward and full of depth.
2.2 Positioning forwards such as the Vivanco SR2000IFL, the general headphone unit directly emits sounds to the listener's ear, and the Vivanco SR2000IFL unit is placed diagonally in front of the ear to simulate the way the sound is delivered during everyday listening, SONY, STAX and AUDIO TECHNICA's Some models also use this design.
2.3 Surround Sound 2.3.1 Four-channel system such as AKG K290, with two drivers on each side, arranged one behind the other, each driver responsible for the playback of one channel, when fed with its surround sound signal, will get The ideal surround effect. When listening to ordinary two-channel programs, audio and video will be wider than ordinary headphones.
2.3.2 Sennheiser's Surround Headphones The surround sound part is isolated and hung on the shoulder. The main channel headphone is still the traditional way. The head can be moved casually. Now there is a product for PC.
2.3.3 Analog surround sound is the surround sound effect simulated by a surround sound processor. The headset uses a traditional two-channel headset. There are many products on this market. AKG has the HEARO series of surround sound headphones. And processor, using Dolby Pro Logic and Dolby digital format; Sennheiser also has similar products, such as Lucas, DSP360; Dolby company's new Dolby AC-3 based Dolby Headphone. These systems need to have higher-end, headsets that already have a good sound field in order to fully realize their effects.
3. Any method of measuring a headphone 3.1 sound quality headset can use some methods to evaluate the speaker, but the headphone's sense of hearing is different from that of the speaker. The acoustic wave emitted by the speaker attenuates in the air, interferes with human head and ear interactions. The earphone's voice is directly into the ear.
What is a high-fidelity headset? The main performance of the high-fidelity headphones of the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC581-10 standard is: the frequency response is not less than 50Hz to 12500Hz; the allowable error of the typical frequency response is ±3dB; the slope of the frequency response curve does not exceed 9dB per octave; at 250Hz-800Hz The difference between the average sound pressure level within the same octave band of the inner and the left and right units does not exceed 2dB; within the range of 100Hz-5000Hz, the harmonic distortion does not exceed 1% when the sound pressure level is 94dB, and it does not exceed 3% when 100db; The frequency response is allowed to drop between 2KHz and 5KHz to improve the transparency and the sense of space.
The earliest advantage of the headset relative to the speaker is in detail. The actual listening to a good headset should be clear, rich in detail, and undistinguishable; low-frequency deep and clear, and effectively controlled; good balance, high-frequency but not bright Or too dark. For any pair of headphones, the three bands cannot be perfectly perfect. Please choose according to your own needs and preferences. Because the shape of the head and ears is different, a pair of headphones will have a different sense of hearing for different people, so any recommendation can only be used as a reference, and you must have the opportunity to listen to it personally.
3.2 Comfort The comfort of the headset is very important. When using the headset, other activities should also be taken into consideration. A pair of headphones should not be too tight or too loose, and should be worn for a long time. The adjustability of the headband and the unit can guarantee the use of different head shapes and different uses. Professional audio personnel sometimes need a single unit to monitor, and the unit needs to be able to rotate. The length of the wire and the entry mode are also factors that affect the use. When adjusting the length of the headband, pay attention to: the headband is short, the pressure on the top of the head is high, the pressure on the head of the headgear is small, and when the headband is long, the pressure on the three points is the most comfortable. For the adaptive head This problem does not exist.
3.3 Durability Durability is very important in portable audio and professional fields. Portable audio headsets are lighter and smaller, and they are easily damaged. Professional headsets are frequently used and moved, and the cables are easily broken and broken. The headset is required to be manufactured. It's very strong, and the parts are easy to repair and replace.
Another related to durability is to bear power, a very small power can push the headset very loud, more than the power may damage the headset, the general civilian headset power is less than 100mW, professional headphones in 100mW-1000mW . High-impedance headphones have strong voice coil resistance and are not as sensitive to power variations as low-impedance headphone voice coils and are more durable.
4. Headphone parameters The technical parameters of the headphone are important, but it can also be misleading. The sound quality of the headphones with beautiful parameters may not be good, and the sound of headphones with flat parameters may not be good.
4.1 Impedance The impedance of an earphone is the abbreviation of its AC impedance. Its size is the sum of the DC resistance of the coil and the inductive reactance of the coil: Z=(R2+ω2L2)1/2.
The impedances of civil earphones and professional earphones are generally below 100Ω, and some professional earphone impedances are above 200Ω. This is to reduce the load of a power amplifier when a power amplifier pushes more than one earphone. Headphones with high drive impedances require more power.
4.2 Sensitivity Sensitivity of the earphone is usually the sensitivity level of the earphone. It is the sound pressure level generated by the earphone when it is applied to the electric power of 1mW on the earphone, which is coupled to the artificial ear (dummy head), 1mW. The power is calculated based on the standard impedance of the headphones at a frequency of 1000 Hz. The unit of sensitivity is dB/mW, and the other less common is dB/Vrms, which is the sound pressure level produced when a 1Vrms voltage is applied to the headphones. High sensitivity means that the power required to achieve a certain sound pressure level is small. Nowadays, the sensitivity of dynamic headphones is generally above 90dB/mW. If headphones are selected for the Walkman, the sensitivity is preferably around 100dB/mW or higher. .
The sensitivity of the speaker is the sound pressure level of the input 1W power at 1 meter. For headphones and speakers with similar sensitivity values, the power required by the headphones is equivalent to 1/1000 of the speaker. This ratio is even smaller in real life, because it is very small. Few people listen to speakers at a distance of 1 meter.
4.3 Distorted Headphone Harmonic distortion is generally very small, and its total harmonic distortion (THD) is less than or equal to 1% when it is under maximum power. It is basically inaudible and much less distortion than the speaker.
4.4 Frequency Response Sensitivity There are different values ​​at different frequencies. This is the frequency response. The dependence of the sensitivity on the frequency is represented by a curve. It is called the frequency response curve. The human hearing range is from 20Hz to 20000Hz, and most voices beyond this range are inaudible. The frequency band that the earphone can play back is quite wide, and excellent headphones can already reach 5Hz-40000Hz. The frequency response of the general headset gives a non-flatness of ±10dB. The unflatness of the frequency response given by professional headphones and some high-end headphones is ±3dB. This results in a surprisingly high frequency of many earphones. A mediocre phenomenon. A truly flat earphone with a frequency response curve will not sound well because of complex reflections and comb filtering effects in the ear and ear canal. Therefore, a balanced approach is often used in the design of earphones to achieve an intraoral ear frequency response. The curve is straight.
4.5 Diffusion Field Equalization There are two types of balanced headphones: free field equalization and diffuse field equalization. Free field equalization assumes that the environment is non-reflective, such as wilderness; and diffuse field equalization simulates a reflective room. It is more natural than the free field equilibrium. The International Electrotechnical Commission's method for testing the flatness of a diffusion field is described in the standard IEC 60268-7. Diffusion field equilibrium is modeled on the standard head, pinna, and room, and different people get different improvements.
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