Factors that affect battery life

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Factors that affect battery life

As the core component of the DC power system, the battery plays a key role in storing electrical energy, coping with grid anomalies and special operating conditions, and maintaining the normal operation of the system. It is the last line of defense for the normal operation of the power system. At present, the on-line monitoring of batteries has been paid more and more attention by people. It is more and more widely used in electric power, communications and other industries. However, the key technology adopted for battery on-line monitoring and status assessment—internal resistance AC discharge method is not understood by people. In the fuzzy understanding, due to the misleading word “maintenance-free”, the user relaxed the daily maintenance and management of the battery, resulting in the early capacity reduction and damage of the battery, due to the lack of battery capacity or failure of the substation And power plant accidents have been common. Therefore, the correct use and maintenance of the battery to improve its service life is of great significance.

　　 What are the factors that affect the battery internal resistance?
The use of battery time : With the increase of the use of time, the electrolyte loss of water, corrosion of the plate and the connecting bar, the sulphation of the plate, plate deformation and the loss of active substances and other factors, resulting in reduced battery capacity, battery Internal resistance becomes larger.
The amount of charge of the battery : due to the depth of the electrolyte injected into the battery, the thickness of the reactive material on the surface of the electrode, the porosity of the electrode surface, and so on, the internal resistance of the battery is greatly different, and thus the amount of charge is also greatly different.
Temperature : A change in the ambient temperature, for example, a rise, at which time the diffusion of the reactive material is accelerated, the charge transfer, the electrode kinetics process, and the transfer of the substance are more easily performed, so that the internal resistance of the battery is reduced. On the contrary, it will increase.
The model of the battery : different manufacturers, different types, different types of batteries, due to the electrode, electrolyte, diaphragm material formulations are different, the battery structure is different, the assembly process is different and make the battery internal resistance difference.
Measuring signal frequency : At present, many battery internal resistance measurements actually measure the impedance of the battery, which includes capacitive reactance, and the capacitive reactance size is related to the frequency of the measured signal, so that the internal resistance measurement result of the battery is not objective. To be objective, the influence of the battery capacitance on the measurement result should be eliminated analytically according to the phase relationship between the measured signal current and voltage, so that the measurement rate result is independent of the signal measurement frequency, ie, the internal resistance measurement at any measurement signal frequency. The result is unique.
Measuring time and measuring current size : In the case of using a larger measuring current, the moment of application of the measurement signal and the closing of the measurement signal, due to the establishment and stability of the polarization is a changing process, different measurement currents, different measurement times, polar Differentiation is different, so that the battery internal resistance measurement results are not objective. To be objective, try to measure the internal resistance with a small signal current. According to the experiment, the measured current is less than or equal to 0.05C10 (where C10 is the capacity of the battery at a discharge rate of 10 hours.)
Effect of overcharging: Under long-term overcharging, the positive electrode reacts with oxygen evolution, water is consumed, and h+ increases, resulting in increased acidity near the positive electrode, accelerated corrosion of the grid, thinning of the grid, acceleration of corrosion of the battery, and reduction of battery capacity. At the same time, due to the increased water loss, the battery will be dried up, which will affect the battery life.
　　
The effect of over-discharge: Over-discharge of the battery occurs mainly after the AC power is cut off, and the battery supplies the load for a long time. When the battery is over-discharged so that its voltage is too low or even zero, it will lead to a large amount of lead sulfate inside the battery is adsorbed on the cathode surface of the battery, causing "sulfation" at the cathode of the battery. Lead sulfate is an insulator, and its formation will have a great negative impact on the charging and discharging performance of the battery. Therefore, the more sulfates formed on the cathode, the greater the internal resistance of the battery and the charging and discharging performance of the battery. The worse, the shorter the battery life.


　　

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