In order to improve the level of urban lighting technology and management, learn international advanced technology and experience, and promote the development of green lighting, from October 19 to 26, 2014, I was fortunate to participate in the delegation of the Municipal Administration Bureau to inspect the German and British parts. city. The delegation and the relevant departments of the Frankfurt and Cambridge governments conducted technical exchanges on the intelligent control of urban lighting, energy-saving technologies, the application of semiconductor lighting sources (LEDs) and urban lighting management, and conducted on-site inspections, energy-saving equipment consultation and Negotiation, benefiting a lot, described below, and shared with peers.
First, the basic characteristics of foreign city lighting
This time we mainly visited Lucerne and Frankfurt in Germany, Cambridge, Oxford, Bath and London in the UK. In Weilburg, Frankfurt, Germany, we exchanged information on the planning and management of urban lighting facilities with Mr. Knut Rehn (Mr. KR for short). In Cambridge, England, Mr. Patrick Horsieg (Mr. PH) conducted a discussion on urban lighting energy conservation and control. Through watching, listening and asking, we have a certain understanding of the management, operation and maintenance of lighting facilities in the two countries.
First, the construction and renovation of urban lighting facilities takes planning as the leader and standards as the foundation. Mr. PH introduced us to the fact that the road lighting facilities in the UK are outdated. The government has agreed to carry out the renovation. The new lighting facilities have a planned life of 25 years and adopt the principle of “overall planning, step-by-step implementation, government supervision and market operationâ€. In Weilburg, Frankfurt, Germany, Mr. KR introduced that they are implementing the European electrical standards. They are designed with two safety in mind. First, environmental protection is safe, and citizens' plants are protected from light pollution (natural protection). The second is the safety of pedestrians and transportation (social protection). Once the planning and design are formed, under normal circumstances, no changes will be made and only fine-tuning can be made.
The second is the urban lighting facilities management norms. Since foreign countries are small governments and large societies, in terms of management, they adopt a combination of strips and blocks, and each is responsible. The county or district is responsible for the formulation of regulations and regulations. The urban lighting functional department is responsible for planning, design, communication, construction and maintenance, unit bidding, and fund allocation. An inspector was set up to conduct regular inspections to fully mobilize social forces to make online complaints about the repair of urban lighting facilities. For example, the municipal government set up a website that “fixed my lights†for public reflection.
The third is the construction and maintenance of urban lighting facilities. For the renovation of lighting facilities, the government is responsible for planning, target setting, contractor selection, project management and funding plan allocation. The contractor is responsible for construction, maintenance and fundraising. (That is, the construction and renovation funds are first borrowed by the contractor from the bank, and the government pays in accordance with the planned annual limit, which avoids the difficulty of centralized government payment.)
Fourth, the awareness of energy conservation is strong. Cambridge County, UK, hosted a conference room for us to talk to. There is no conference table. It is a conference hall. We are incredible. Mr. PH explained to us that the government has adjusted and merged for thrift, and other conference rooms are tentatively used. Concentrated in the reception hall. Use energy efficient lights in the conference hall. The main aspects of street lamp energy saving are as follows: First, with intelligent control, part of the road section lighting is turned off in the middle of the night; second, the light source adopts high-efficiency energy-saving lamps; third, the commercial block relies on the lights along the street to supplement the road lighting; fourth, the landscape lighting is scarce.
Fifth, urban lighting facilities are relatively simple, but the utilization rate is high. On the roads abroad, the function lighting poles are simple, there are cement poles, metal rods (equal diameter steel pipes) and a small number of tapered rods. The lamps are also relatively simple (mostly Philips 338), and the distance between the lamps is large (40-45m). Some roads use shed lights, some have street lights, but they are more harmonious with street houses. Facilities such as traffic lights and traffic signs are hung on the streetlight poles, and the utilization rate of the poles is high.
Sixth, LED function lamps are used less. Mr. KR introduced that LED lamps are still relatively rare in Germany. They believe that the efficiency of LED lamps is not very high, the performance is not very stable, and the technology is not mature enough. Currently only applied on the roads and landscapes of the plant. Of course, Mr. KR and Mr. PH both said that as long as the technology of LED lamps is mature, the performance will be stable and will be applied in large quantities. The application of wind energy and solar energy in urban lighting is now being studied.
Second, learn advanced experience and promote green lighting
"The stone of other mountains can be used to attack jade." While sighing at the advanced management of foreign countries, we unanimously expressed the need to digest and absorb the results of investigations, and strive to work hard in combination with the actual use of flexible efforts. It really makes the study and study become the process of emancipating the mind and renewing the concept; becoming an opportunity to reflect on the work and improve the work; become the driving force for accelerating development and realizing the leap; and becoming an assistant in promoting green lighting.
Green lighting refers to the use of scientific lighting design, using high-efficiency, long-life, safe and stable lighting electrical products to improve the conditions and quality of people's work, study and life, thus creating an efficient, comfortable, safe and economical A beneficial environment and fully embody the lighting of modern civilization. The complete green lighting connotation includes four indicators: high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, safety and comfort.
The first is to emancipate the mind and update the concept. The way of thinking determines the way out, the concept is wealth. The construction, management and maintenance of urban lighting facilities are related to the livelihood of citizens. It is the people's livelihood project for the government to benefit the people. Lighting management departments must change their concepts, change their thinking, absorb internationally advanced management concepts, do practical things for the people, and do good things.
The second is to strictly enforce the normative standards. We must aim at building a green and healthy and civilized urban lighting environment, and safeguarding and improving people's livelihood as the basic starting point for accelerating and transforming the development of urban lighting, and coordinating and coordinating the relationship between humanity, green, coordination and perseverance. Advocate green lighting consumption mode, reduce the unit energy consumption of lighting under the premise of meeting the basic functions of urban lighting, and realize the transformation of urban lighting development mode.
The third is to rationalize the management system. The management system is the basis for implementing urban green lighting. At present, the lighting management system of most cities in China is built, managed and integrated, and the regional and urban areas are separate. Such a management model is not conducive to market competition, government supervision and efficient management, so the reform of urban lighting management system is imminent. Adhere to the principle of “construction and management, separation of management and management†and improve the management system. The management department scientifically organizes the planning, design, supervision, acceptance and payment of urban lighting. The social professional company is responsible for the construction and maintenance, that is, the government purchases public services. Of course, in order to ensure the government's management initiative, the lighting control system needs to be firmly grasped.
The fourth is to improve the regulatory mechanism. Perfecting the supervision mechanism is an important guarantee for realizing urban green lighting. Only the lighting administrative departments at all levels should focus on the overall goals and requirements of urban green lighting work, incorporate urban lighting energy conservation work into the urban and rural construction energy conservation and emission reduction assessment system, strictly implement the target responsibility system, and regularly check, in order to do a good job in urban lighting. The entire process of supervision. At the same time, it is necessary to establish an urban green lighting energy-saving evaluation system, focus on assessing urban lighting quality and energy-saving emission reduction levels, and carry out green lighting standard city creation activities to form a long-term supervision and inspection mechanism.
The fifth is to build an intelligent control management system. After rationalizing the management system, the intelligent control management system is particularly important – it is the basis for improving work efficiency and realizing modern management methods.
Sixth, select high-efficiency energy-saving light sources to promote energy conservation and emission reduction. In the design of road lighting, on the one hand, the lighting power density value (LPD) is strictly controlled. On the other hand, high-efficiency energy-saving light sources are used, such as high-efficiency light sources such as high-pressure nano lamps and metal halide lamps, and new light source LED street lamps and energy-saving lamps are used in the secondary roads. Energy-saving renovation of existing street lamps, such as the elimination of incandescent lamps, mercury lamps, etc. Add variable power ballasts, electronic ballasts, and step-down energy-saving controllers. Contract energy management is used where conditions permit, saving the government. For the application of LED lighting new energy, it should be gradually pushed forward, until the technology, performance, price, interchangeability (universality), after reaching the standard, vigorously promote.
Third, the enlightenment of this investigation
(1) Function expansion of street light poles
Next to Westminster Abbey in London, England, the roads cross, there are many branches, the traffic is busy, pedestrians shuttle. However, the order is in order and the facilities are in order. In the original reason, the red, green light and traffic signs were placed on the lampposts of the streetlights, which not only achieved the purpose of the instructions, but also reduced the roadside poles. The vertical cards appeared messy, and there was no harm in doing so.
The traffic signs of most urban roads in China are independent. There are streetlight poles, poles, telecommunications poles, traffic light poles, etc. on the urban roads, which cause the roads and the facilities are disorderly and disorderly, which not only affects the appearance, but also gives Traffic brings a lot of inconvenience. We believe that foreign practices are in line with scientific planning principles and have strong promotion. Areas with domestic conditions permit, if they can be rationally borrowed, while the function of street lighting facilities will be expanded, the public space will be standardized, and the overall planning level of municipal construction will be improved.
(2) Reasonable layout of landscape lighting
In this two-city and six-city study, only the top of the high-rise buildings in Frankfurt and the largest HARRODS department store in London have landscape lighting, which has not been seen anywhere else. It is understood that one is to save energy and the other is to prevent light pollution. On the main roads of domestic cities, landscape lighting is done on both sides, and some landscape lighting is done on the green areas of the scenic spots. One wastes energy to produce light pollution, and the other is not conducive to plant growth. It is also a kind of damage to the natural environment.
(3) Lighting is not as bright as possible
From the perspective of the six cities in the two countries we examined, the brightness of road illumination is not as good as ours. From the perspective of the standards implemented, Europe implements the EU standards. We implement the national standard. There is a certain gap between the two standards. However, from a practical point of view, many places exceed the standard power density value (LPD value). The reason is that the leadership concept is decided, and the brighter the better. As everyone knows, the higher the illumination and brightness of road lighting, the greater the energy consumption, the greater the light pollution and glare. The difference in road illumination level is large. When the vehicle is transferred from a brighter road to a darker road, the human eye cannot adapt quickly, and there are certain safety hazards.
(4) Promotion of energy-saving equipment and lamps
The primary task of green lighting is to save energy. For this reason, we cannot stay in the application of domestic energy-saving equipment and light sources, and should move closer to the international level. This time we conducted field visits and negotiations with suppliers, we felt: STEINEL GmbH's induction lamps (pictured below) and NOBLE HOUSE GMBH's Base Saver streetlights power-saving equipment ( As shown in the figure below, the performance is good, the efficiency is high, and there is cooperation intention. According to the supplier: The induction lamp should be equipped with an infrared sensor. When someone passes by, the light will automatically light up, and when no one will turn off, the light will be extinguished for the purpose of on-demand illumination. The average power saving rate is about 20%; Base Saver street light saving device It is a street lamp intelligent energy-saving controller developed with high-performance central microprocessor-controlled harmonic-free electromagnetic voltage regulation technology, three-phase magnetic balance technology, digital control technology and other high-tech achievements. It is suitable for various types of grades. The use of lamps, the average power saving rate is about 15%. After tracking and testing these two products, we will make an introduction after carefully analyzing the price/performance ratio.
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