“However, when more and more products are exported to foreign countries, what is the quality of the products, and what standards are used for product testing? Which national standards do the products meet? These are the bottlenecks faced by China’s rapidly developing LED lighting companies.†Shanghai Liu Yanfeng, deputy general manager of the Incentive Testing Technology Service Co., Ltd., said in an interview with Gao Gong LED reporter.
At present, the domestic LED lighting inspection standards are still relatively lacking. Our country has also issued some basic standards. However, the detection methods and evaluation systems for LED lighting products have not yet been established, and it is necessary to speed up the process in this regard. Standards generally lag behind products, and standard updates often fail to keep up with product development, updates, and production. Nowadays, the cycle of research and development of new products is accelerating, and at the same time, the corresponding standards often fail to keep up with the speed of new products, and there will be no current standards to detect products. The development, promulgation and abolition of a standard have a certain cumulative time and process. At present, the United States has established a relatively complete LED detection standard system. Europe is stepping up the formulation of standards, and the certification standards for LED products in the United States, Japan and Europe. as the picture shows.
LED lighting inspection is divided into three major blocks: safety (including photobiosafety), optical performance, and electromagnetic compatibility. As a new type of light source, LED light source will certainly learn from traditional light source detection methods, such as safety and performance, such as LED lamp performance requirements for road lighting, LED module safety requirements for general lighting, performance requirements, and test methods. Of course, LED light sources also have their own specialities, and it is necessary to increase the consideration of photobiosafety.
For LED lighting products, the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC and the International Lighting Association CIE have issued several standards, and more test methods are being drafted. As members of these two organizations, China will also actively participate in the drafting, development and adoption of these standards.
"The domestic and foreign LED testing standards still have a certain gap. The products are exported to other countries, not only to comply with local laws and regulations, but also to meet the buyer's requirements for the performance of LED lighting products," Liu Yanfeng said. Due to the special illumination principle of LED light source, its spectral characteristics, shape and life are very different from traditional light sources, making consumers pay more attention to the light color performance of LED lamps.
United States
In addition to UL certification, the United States has the most advanced and comprehensive testing standards for other LED lamps, providing a good development platform for enterprises. According to Liu Yanfeng, with the restrictions on mercury use and the ban on incandescent lamps, the US retail market is a good time for companies. The United States' testing standards for imported LED lighting products are mainly considered from three aspects: First, safety, such as UL safety standards, whether it is a certain requirement for the whole lamp, power supply, or light source, second, in the electromagnetic capacitor On the other hand, the FCC of the US Federal Council, in fact, the FCC is a compulsory certification for entering the United States. UL is not a compulsory certification, but its retail recognition in the United States has increased, so many companies will do it. If not, it will be difficult. Consumer recognition, third, the consideration of optical performance, reflected in the ENERGY STAR certification.
“UL certification is not the only safety certification, for example, safety certification such as ETL.†Liu Yanfeng said. Among the many brand promotion safety certifications, UL certification is in an absolute leading position. Although the certification cost is high, it is still the preferred safety certification for buyers. In recent years, ETL's promotion of home appliances has also been recognized by many consumers and buyers.
The US Energy Star, which everyone is concerned about, is not mandatory, but it means that the product can be recognized by most American consumers and accepted by the local government. For the government subsidy application for ENERGY STAR certification, Liu Yanfeng admits that the process is relatively complicated and the chances of applying are small. At the same time, we must first meet the following three hard conditions: first, the product has the ENERGY STAR certification mark; second, the product is to enter the US supermarket; third, the applicant is completed by the US distributor and electric power supplier . Currently, most of the ENERGY STAR-certified products are manufactured by chip providers such as Philipslumileds, GE, OSRAM, CREE, and others.
The United States also has some government preferential policies that give consumers some subsidy rebate policies. From the perspective of the sales field, the purchase of a product certified with ENERGY STAR can achieve a 30% tax rebate on sales (no more than $1,500 subsidy), which greatly promotes the popularity of the US energy certification program.
A load cell (force transducer) is a physical element that can translate pressure or force into an electrical signal. The most common type is the strain gauge load cell, which is a mechanical element of which the force is being sensed by the deformation of a (or several) strain gauges on the element. It converts a force such as tension, compression, pressure, or torque into an electrical signal that can be measured and standardized. As the force applied to the load cells increases, the electrical output signal changes proportionally. Load cells are designed to measure a specific force, and ignore other forces being applied. The electrical signal output by the load cell is very small and requires specialized amplification. Load cells are designed to measure force in one direction. They will often measure force in other directions, but the sensor sensitivity will be different, since parts of the load cell operating under compression are now in tension, and vice versa.
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