The technical battle of smart TV screens: quantum dots, OLED, HDR, 8K

Quantum dots:

In 2013, Sony took the lead in introducing quantum dot technology on 4K TV, and then Samsung, LG, Sharp, TCL, Hisense, etc. all launched their own quantum dot TV.

Quantum dot principle: A quantum dot is a microscopic nanocrystal that emits light at a specific wavelength when energy is obtained, thereby producing a color. The specific color produced by a quantum dot depends on its size: the larger the wavelength, the redder the color; the smaller the wavelength, the shorter the color, and the bluer the color. Quantum dot TVs have built-in special nano-transistors that produce pure red, green, and blue colors without filtering out other colors. Quantum dot technology allows the screen to display not only more ultra-fine colors, but also better light quality. The advantages of quantum dot technology are low power consumption, low hardware cost, and low iteration cost.

Compared with 8K, HDR and other technologies, quantum dot technology has begun to erupt now, and has now spread to domestic TV manufacturers.

OLED :

In 2010, Samsung took the lead in using OLED screens on mobile phones. The flagship machines of the Galaxy series used OLED screens, but Samsung TVs currently use LCD screens. In 2013, OLED screens were first used on LG TVs, and the large-size LED era was opened.

OLED principle: OLED is an organic light-emitting display. OLED display technology is different from traditional LCD display. No backlight is needed, black is not illuminated, and very thin organic material coating and glass substrate are used. When there is current, these organic materials It will shine. And O LED display screen can be made thinner and lighter, larger viewing angle, and can significantly save power consumption, which is the reason why LG OLED screen can be used to make thin 3mm TV. However, the cost of OLED screens is too high, and the current practical problems such as mass production are hindering the popularity of OLED screens.

Nowadays, with the development of OLED in the field of smart TV, manufacturers under the leadership of LG want to balance the OLED production capacity and cost, and then carry out large-scale production. Samsung has 20 billion plans to start production of OLED. In 2017, iPone will also use flexible OLED screens with sizes ranging from 5 to 6 inches. The first supplier of Apple OLED screens is Samsung Display (SDC) and the second supplier is LG Display (LGD). The global OLED panel industry chain will enhance the driving force for development, and a new competitive landscape is also brewing. Apple's OLED screen is flexible in appearance, different in appearance, and both portability and viewing. The 5.5-inch OLED flexible screen can be turned into a 7.85-inch IPAD.

HDR:

In the past two years, a series of manufacturers such as Sony, LG, Philips, Panasonic and Samsung are launching or preparing to launch HDR TV. Achieve better picture quality by enhancing the contrast between the bright and dark areas of the picture. The smart TV under this technology will have a better look and feel, and more brilliant color performance.

HDR principle: High dynamic range image is called HDR. Compared with ordinary images, it can provide more dynamic range and image detail. According to different exposure time LDR (Low-Dynamic Range) images, each exposure time is the most appropriate. The fine-grained LDR image is used to synthesize the final HDR image, which can better reflect the visual effect in the real environment.

The computer uses 8bit (256) or 16bit (65536) levels to distinguish the brightness of the image when representing the image, but hundreds or tens of thousands of areas cannot reproduce the true natural lighting conditions. An HDR file is a special graphic file format in which each pixel has actual brightness information at that point in addition to normal RGB information. Ordinary graphics files have only 0-255 grayscales per pixel, which is actually not enough. Imagine the difference between the intensity of the sun's illumination and the range of grays or brightness between a purely black object, far exceeding 256 levels. Therefore, an ordinary daytime landscape picture, it seems that both white clouds and the sun may appear to be the same grayscale/brightness, both of which are pure white, but in fact the actual brightness between the white clouds and the sun cannot be the same between them. The difference in brightness is huge. Therefore, the normal graphics file format is very inaccurate, far from the actual situation of the real world, so we need HDR.

HDR TV still needs content support, and it will take a while to get popular. From the perspective of the technical strength of upstream international manufacturers, the domestic TV market in 2016 may usher in a wave of follow-up. Content production companies such as Netflix and Warner Bros. have promised that movies will support HDR images.

8K:

8K resolution 7,680 × 4,320 pixels (16:9) (about 33 million pixels per frame), 8K technology has been developed since 1995, Japan will start broadcasting 8K TV this year.

In 2017, "Galaxy Guard 2" will become the world's first 8K movie. Worldwide 8K Ultra HD resolution (7680 × 4320) TV shipments will increase from 2,700 in 2015 to 911,000 in 2019. Most 8K TV shipments will be concentrated on 65-inch TVs. It is expected that by 2019, shipments of this size will account for 80% of the total shipments of 8K TVs.

The 32nd Summer Olympic Games in 2020 will be held in JD.com, Japan. Japan is going to use 8K technology to broadcast the Olympic Games in 2020. So far, 8K has entered our life with a clear timetable.

But then again, the limit resolution of the human eye is not more than 4K. Is 8K necessary?

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