Eighth Global Chemist Starts: TV Can Be Printed

When I entered the home appliance channel, it was precisely the time that Xiaomi LeTV started to publish the Internet TV. At that time, it felt that the industry had emerged unprecedented vitality, the competition became more intense, and the products and propaganda ideas were younger and more Internet-oriented, and they were able to Buying a TV is also more affordable. However, after a long time in this industry, it will gradually become clear that the vast majority of domestic TV brands do their work by assembling, purchasing panels from foreign countries, Taiwan, or the mainland, assembling production, and experiencing such simple processing and then flow to the market. The events that can truly drive the display technology revolution are often found in foreign brands.
However, this phenomenon is gradually changing. As the news says, electric vehicles have given the Chinese auto industry the ability to overtake the curve. It allows the domestic automobile industry to cross the technological deposits with industrialized countries and stand on new ones. The energy automotive starting line participates in the global electric vehicle competition.

There are similar signs in the current television scene. In this era of 4K, HDR, OLED, Quantum Dots and other technologies emerging in a short period of time, the display technology innovation has become as intense as competition. After 4K has become the absolute mainstream, HDR technology has also occupied all high-end TV products. There is one question left to this era. In the end who is the mainstream of future display technology, the industry's answer is to OLED, because it is a complete revolution in display technology, like the transition from CRT to LCD, LCD technology To OLED is also a revolution in the new display technology principle.
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The eighth chemist from the world starts to explain display technology
However, as early as in 2007, OLED technology that took shape in the early stages has not developed into the mainstream for nearly 10 years. Today, it still faces the test of production yield, so OLED TVs are still expensive and niche. During the development of OLED's “turtle speed”, another reality appeared. It is a quantum dot. The display technology is used by Sony, Samsung, TCL, Hisense and many other brands. It appears to LCD TVs. We can overcome the advantages of OLEDs in terms of color performance. Therefore, whether OLEDs can replace LCD TVs has become a suspense. After we participated in the "Scientists Face to Face - Quantum Dots Display Science Forum" last week, I firmly believed that OLED appeared. Shake even the chosen offset.
This time, TCL organized a forum that did not tell about TCL's products. It was a pure quantum dot technology popularization, and it also made our liberal arts students "headache" because the keynote speaker was Professor of Zhejiang University's chemistry department. It was even more exciting. The ground is the background of Professor Peng Xiaogang. According to Baidu Encyclopedia, he is the top international nanomaterials scientist. Thomson Reuters released the list of the world's top 100 chemists based on the impact factors of the research papers published in the past 10 years. Professor Peng Xiaogang ranked eighth, in short, the chemist global eighth, let me It is a bit difficult for the liberal arts students to listen to a lecture by a world-class chemist, but it is not.
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Quantum dots are a high-tech material
If it is a previous TV science or product launch conference, it is definitely based on product technology or selling points. However, have you seen companies giving you science crisis and high-tech materials? According to Professor Peng, the regenerative ability of the Earth depends entirely on solar energy. According to the 1961 standard, human activities used 70% of the earth's regenerative capacity and reached 100% in the 1980s. In 1999, it was already 120%. According to the standard of living of the year, humans need five earths to support. Of course, it is impossible for the world to operate in accordance with the standards of living and production in the United States, because this superpower, which accounts for 5% of the world's population, uses 40% of the world's resources.

In order to limit the length of space, Professor Peng's explanation of the relationship between resources and recycling will not be introduced. In short, the recycling efficiency is not high, because developed countries throw waste disposal to developing countries that rely on manual operations. According to Prof. Peng, for countries such as China and India, a rising country, in the face of the existing shortage of natural resources, the core of this problem should be the development and application of high-tech materials, and materials that have not been used in the past. Become useful while not burdening nature.
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The best luminous material in human history

Quantum dots are one of such high-tech materials because it reconstructs the material at the atomic and molecular level, achieves innovation or better performance, and can change the way of human life. The application prospects of electronic dots include displays, solar cells, and biomarkers. Currently, the most widely used is in the field of display. Professor Peng summarizes in a word: “Quantum dots may be the most outstanding luminous material that humans have ever discovered. ".
Quantum dots are solution semiconductor nanocrystals that are only 1-100 nm in diameter, which is equivalent to one ten-thousandth of the width of hair filaments. It can emit blue, green, red, yellow, etc. light by changing the size of the quantum dots. Which wavelength is required to be able to achieve which wavelength, so that the optical properties of the material is the first time in human history. Quantum dots also have high color purity characteristics, which we can easily see from the past contact with quantum dots TV, because quantum dots TV can reach 110% NTSC color gamut long ago, and OLED want to break Despite all the difficulties, Quantum Dot's high-purity RGB backlight provides technical advantages for improving the color display range.
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After the arrival of BT2020, the color gamut is completely out of touch with LCDs and OLEDs.

Today, this set of television standards (NTSC) that has been used for decades is no longer able to meet the needs of display technology development, so Hollywood, which is leading global camera technology, wants to push the new BT2020 standard. Its color space can cover humans. All colors that the naked eye can sense. The complete BT2020 standard gamut coverage area is equivalent to 140% NTSC, the quantum dot limit can only reach 100% BT2020, LED liquid crystal and OLED technology to achieve such a wide range of color range is unthinkable.
LCD TVs want to break through the space limitations of the color gamut, and can filter out all the other color lights except RGB in the backlight. Although this idea is effective, it is not practical in terms of energy consumption. The backlight of the existing LCD TVs is passing through the LCD, After filters and polarizers have lost too much light efficiency, 100 watts of backlight may appear in the field of vision through the LCD panel. The light in the field of view may be only a few watts. If the filter for the backlight is more stringent, the power must be significantly increased. Row.

The OLED camp, you need to know is that the current OLED TVs are mostly white OLED "backlight" plus color filters do display, the imaging principle is somewhat similar to LCD TVs, but the characteristics of OLED self-luminous without the intervention of the backlight module, This is the reason that the color gamut of current OLED (WOLED) TV is not high. The true OLED should be RGBOLED, which means that each pixel corresponds to a three-color OLED sub-pixel that can emit light independently. However, the production yield of this method is much lower than that of WOLED, so it has not been popularized on large-size panels.
Compared with current liquid crystal display technology, OLED has the advantages of black field and flexibility, because it can independently control the pixel light emission, pure black is a "light box"-like LCD TV can never be achieved, not to mention the flexibility, after the bulge Alice's curve has long played an OLED role, and nobody has seen such a fresh TV.
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The "OLED" technology of the second generation electroluminescent quantum dot high color gamut, according to Professor Peng, this advantage of OLED is only a short lead, because after the arrival of the second generation quantum dot technology, it can achieve the same pixel as the OLED. Level self-luminous, but also highlight the high purity of the three primary colors self-luminescence.
The quantum dot technology we see today is generalized by Prof. Peng as the first generation of quantum dots. It uses light to "catalyze" light emission. The principle is to stimulate the quantum dot film on the liquid crystal panel to bring green and red through the blue LED backlight. This can produce a complete three primary colors, or replace the LED with a quantum dot backlight. Although these technologies have enabled the color gamut to effectively increase and exceed, it is not the ultimate performance of quantum dots.
The second-generation quantum dot technology will replace light with electricity. An electron and a hole (corresponding to the cathode anode, the pixel structure is the same as the OLED) can emit light when they reach a quantum dot. This brings quantum dots with the same OLED. The same pixel self-illumination capability, because each quantum dot "module" can be electronically controlled to emit light. In the past, the excitation of the backlight produced an "integral" light source that was then filtered or displayed through the liquid crystal deflection.

If the quantum dot really does the electroluminescence, it will have the same "self-illumination" characteristics as the OLED, and the black field will naturally be comparable to the OLED. However, in terms of color expression, the purity of the three-primary color is much better than that of the OLED due to the narrow characteristics of the quantum dots, so quantum dots will surpass OLED TVs in the era of electroluminescence.
We have already seen the electroluminescent quantum dot module on the site of the forum, which means that this kind of light-emitting principle can already be realized. At this stage, we will solve the problem of how to reduce them and evenly fix them on the “panel”. Note that I did not Said LCD panel, electroluminescent quantum dot technology, each pixel of the liquid crystal will become a pixel level backlight, through the three primary colors can achieve image display, no need for liquid crystal control has backlight filter.

Reducing quantum dot modules is the most difficult technical barrier, and OLEDs are also faced with similar difficulties. At present, the OLED adopts the technology route of vacuum evaporation, which requires heating and evaporation of organic materials under vacuum and plating on ITO glass to form a film. In addition to this organic layer, the electrical grade used for its light emission and the vapor-deposition protection layer are also vacuum-evaporated on the glass panel, which is only a very small part of its complex process.
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TV may be printed in the future

The second-generation quantum dot technology is intended to be printed by printing because the existing quantum dot technology is a solution-processed nanocrystal, which can be made into a "quantum dot ink" to be printed on plastic by a technique similar to ink-jet printing. In the film, if the technology can be achieved, the level of processing energy efficiency as well as the yield rate will surpass the vacuum evaporation of OLEDs. Considering the printed A4 paper, the flexibility of Quantum TV is logical, and it seems to be able to pass through. The film is printed on any smooth object.
Moreover, quantum dots printing technology has not been far away from us. The search data discovered that Swiss researchers have printed out ink-jet images using quantum dot printing technology. This is a color image of a tropical clownfish 0.115 mm long and 0.08 mm wide. Only 1/3000 of the clownfish have 25,000 pixels per inch, and the RGB single quantum dots are 500 nanometers apart. In this way, the 4K and 8K resolutions will be outdated. Of course, the use of quantum dot printing technology as a television also requires the printing of electrodes used for the emission of quantum dots and the printing and encapsulation of electronic dots on the diaphragm or panel. Prof. Peng expects to enter R&D after 3 years. In the industrialization stage, five years should be the time for the production of quantum dot printing technology.

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