On the Combination of Construction Drawing Budget and Engineering Quantity List Valuation
In the reform process of the gradual liberalization of China's construction market, although the billing system for the bill of quantities has been formulated and promoted, due to the differences in the actual conditions in various regions, a dual-track system has emerged in China's current valuation method. In some places, the list pricing method has been widely used, and in some places, the fixed pricing method is still being implemented. With the deepening of the reform of China's engineering cost management system, the market pricing model should gradually dominate. Of course, the construction drawing budget has its continued use and function, and its extremely unfavorable side. The implementation of the bill of quantities billing has become an inevitable trend, and both methods have application significance. Therefore, in practice, neither the fixed pricing method can be used alone, nor can the list pricing be implemented blindly without the conditions. The two must be organically combined.
1. The meaning of construction drawing budget and bill of quantities billing First, construction drawing budget is short for construction drawing design budget, also called design budget. It is a document prepared and determined by the design unit after the construction drawing design is completed, based on the construction drawing design drawings, the current budget quota, the cost quota, and the budget prices of regional equipment, materials, labor, construction machinery and other shifts. For projects that are subject to construction bidding, the construction drawing budget is the basis for preparing the base price and the basis for the bidding quotation of the contracting enterprise. For projects that are not suitable for tendering and adopt construction drawing budget plus price adjustment and settlement, the construction drawing budget can be used as the basis for determining the contract price or as the basis for reviewing the construction drawing budget proposed by the construction enterprise. Construction drawing budget includes unit project budget, single project budget and total construction project budget. The unit project budget is based on the construction drawing design documents, current budget quota, cost quota, and labor, materials, equipment, mechanical desks and other budget price data. In a certain way, the construction project budget of the unit project is compiled, and then all the unit projects are summarized The construction drawing budget becomes the construction drawing budget of a single project, and then the construction drawing budget of all individual projects is summarized, which is the total budget of the construction and installation of a construction project. The unit engineering budget includes construction engineering budget and equipment installation engineering budget.
Second, the project quantity list is a detailed list showing the names and corresponding quantities of the subprojects, measures, other projects and corresponding quantities of the proposed project. It is based on the unified bidding content of the proposed project in accordance with the requirements of the bidding and construction drawings. The engineering quantity calculation rules require that a table be calculated for the number of sub-projects distributed in the proposed project. The bill of quantities mainly includes the description of the bill of quantities and the bill of quantities. The bill of quantities is an integral part of the bidding documents. One of the most basic functions is to serve as a carrier of information so that the bidder can have a comprehensive understanding of the project. The content of the quantity list should be comprehensive and accurate. The bill of quantities is calculated by the contractor according to the contractor ’s unified project (valuation project), unified measurement rules and measurement units. The physical project quantity list of the project is provided in the prescribed format. After the risk, the comprehensive unit price including cost, profit and tax is raised, thus forming the project price. In other words, the list valuation method is based on the engineering quantity list provided by the bidder. The bidder makes bids based on his technical, financial, and management capabilities. The bidder selects according to the specific flat bidding rules, which is based on market economic conditions. Under a pricing method.
2. Comparison and analysis of construction drawing budget and bill of quantities billing The difference between construction project budget bidding and construction bill billing is mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, the evaluation method of bid quotation is different: reviewing construction drawing budget bidding The quotation is mainly to review whether the calculation of engineering quantity is wrong, whether the applied quota is accurate, and generally not to analyze the comprehensive base price. To review the quotation in the bidding of the engineering quantity list, the main review is to analyze whether the comprehensive unit price is reasonable, and to use the principle of reasonable low quotation winning bid to score the total price. Second, the composition of the bid price is different: the bid price of the construction drawing budget bidding is composed of direct costs, site expenses, indirect costs, profits, regulations and taxes. The bidding price of the project quantity list bid includes partial project costs, measure project costs, other project costs, regulations, taxes, including the cost of completing all the project content included in each project; including the cost of completing each project content ( Except for fees and taxes); including the cost of the engineering content that must not occur in the construction quantity list and must be incurred during construction; including the cost of increased risk factors. Third, the basis for preparing the bid quotation is different: the bid quotation in the construction drawing budget bidding is mainly based on the national and provincial engineering budget quotas. The bid quotation in the project quantity list bidding is mainly based on the internal quota of the enterprise. The internal quota of the enterprise is a quota prepared by the construction enterprise according to its own management level, construction methods, construction measures, labor, materials, machinery consumption, taxes and fees. The bidding quotation in the project quantity list bidding is determined by the construction enterprise, which provides independent space for the bidding unit. Fourth, there are different units for compiling the engineering quantity: the engineering quantity in the construction drawing budget bidding is calculated by the bidding unit and the bidding unit separately according to the drawing, and there is no unified engineering amount. The project volume in the project quantity list bidding is calculated by the bidding unit or entrusted by the bidding agency or the cost consulting unit, and the project amount is unified. The project quantity list is an important part of the bidding document. Each bidder fills in the quotation based on the project quantity list provided by the tenderer, according to its own technical equipment, construction experience, enterprise cost, enterprise quota, and management level.
From the above comparative analysis, it can be seen that the valuation method of the bill of quantities truly reflects the reality of the project and provides the possibility of handing over pricing autonomy to market participation. Compared with budget pricing, it has the following advantages: First, it meets the needs of competition. The bidding process itself is a competitive process. The tenderer gives a list of engineering quantities and the bidder fills in the unit price. The unit price filled generally includes cost and profit. Careful consideration should be given when bidding. If you fill in the high, you cannot win the bid, and if you fill in the low, you have to lose money. This time reflects the importance of the company's technology and management level, and forms a competition for the real strength of the company. Second, it provides a condition for equal competition. The list quotation overcomes the problem that due to the defects of the design drawings, the personnel of different bidding companies have different understandings and calculate different engineering quantities and different quotations. The engineering quantity list quotation can provide bidders with a platform for equal competition. For the same amount of engineering, enterprises fill different unit prices according to their own strength, which is in line with the general principle of commodity exchange. Third, it is conducive to the allocation of project funds and the final determination of project cost. After winning the bid, the industry mainly signs the engineering contract with the construction company of the winning bidder, and the bid price in the quotation of the bill of quantities is the basis of the contract price. The unit price on the bid list has also become the basis for disbursement of construction funds. The owner can easily determine the amount of progress payment based on the amount of work completed by the construction company. After the project is completed, it is easy to determine the final cost of the project based on the design changes, the increase or decrease in the amount of engineering and the corresponding unit price. Fourth, it is conducive to the reasonable sharing of risks. Using the bidding method of engineering quantity list, the bidding unit is only responsible for the unit price cost reported by itself, but is not responsible for the changes in engineering quantity or calculation errors; the owner should be responsible for this part of the risk. Fifth, it is beneficial for the owners to control the investment. In the form of construction drawing budget, the owner is not sensitive to changes in project cost caused by design changes and the increase or decrease in engineering volume. It is often not until the completion settlement that they know how much these impacts on project investment, but it is often too late at this time. . The method of using the bill of quantities to calculate the price is clear at a glance, and when a design change is made, it can immediately know its impact on the cost of the project. In this way, the owner can decide whether to change or compare the plans according to the investment situation to decide the most appropriate treatment method.
3. The application of the construction drawing budget and the bill of quantities billing in the project bidding application The construction drawing budget and the bill of quantities billing are mutually complementary, and the two are a unity that is mutually different and interconnected. At this stage, any single isolation method can not meet the needs of the project, and must be solved by a comprehensive method. The most typical application of the combination of engineering quantity list valuation and construction drawing budget is used in project tendering. According to the different situations and characteristics of different engineering projects, the flexible use of different bidding and bidding methods not only ensures the smooth progress of the project construction, but also effectively controls the project investment, and conforms to the general idea of ​​the national bidding and bidding mechanism reform. In actual work, according to the different characteristics of capital expenditure projects, production maintenance, maintenance and other projects, the following bidding pricing methods can be adopted in the bidding pricing method: First, the bidding pricing method of the bill of quantities. If the project bidding is qualified, the list pricing method should be used first, and the full-cost engineering quantity list quotation form should be adopted, that is: total quotation = ∑ (list engineering quantity? Yan comprehensive unit price). The comprehensive unit price should include the direct engineering costs, indirect costs, profits, and various taxes and fees that should be paid, that is, the comprehensive unit price should be the cost of completing all the work performed for a given amount of work. Second, the pricing method for the construction drawing budget prepared by the unit price method. This method is used for engineering projects with complete construction drawings and sufficient valuation basis. Using this method can calculate the construction cost more accurately and reasonably. When the calculation conditions are fully satisfied, this method is used for bidding and bidding. Its advantages: It can accurately determine the project cost, which is conducive to the implementation of the project plan and facilitates the disbursement of project funds. Projects and scopes that cover the cost of winning the bid or stipulate partial price adjustments are conducive to the smooth progress of the project settlement, the operational efficiency is improved, and the completion settlement of the project is facilitated. The project cost can be controlled in advance, which is conducive to investment control. Thirdly, the price is calculated based on the estimated pressure. This kind of bidding valuation method is suitable for new construction projects. The budget preparation basis is good, the project content is relatively complete and standardized. After the preliminary design review and approval, the construction drawings have not yet come out or have not been completed. The team is ready to start work. In this method, the budget estimate of the proposed bidding part is included as part of the bidding document, and is sent to the bidding unit along with the bidding document. Each unit will quote a certain percentage of each budget estimate according to its own strength and level. Advantages: It is conducive to investment control. Each item is compared with the budget estimate. It is clear at a glance and can better ensure that the investment does not exceed the budget estimate. It can quickly reflect the bid price, and the amount of pricing work is relatively small, and some project quotations must be completed based on experience. It is conducive to the rapid construction of the project, it is good to choose a good construction team, and it is conducive to the smooth progress of the project according to the plan, which is convenient for the payment of the project funds. Fourth, bid at the rate. In actual work, there will be some production inspection and maintenance projects, technical transformation projects, because there are no construction drawings or drawings are incomplete, resulting in difficulty in calculating the amount of engineering, which directly affects the determination of the price, and the project must be eager to start. In this case, the construction team can be selected by bidding at a rate so as not to affect the progress of the project, fully embodying the engineering pricing guiding ideology of "uniform quantity, guiding price, and competition fee". The basic method is to only report the bid rate, and the fee will be settled according to the winning bid rate during the settlement. The direct fee part is still calculated based on the drawing or on-site visa slip. The fixed amount is set. The principle is basically the same as the traditional procedure method, except that Competition for large fees. Advantages: Tendering is very easy to calculate, the content of the commercial bid is single, only the bid rate is required; it is conducive to the smooth progress of the bidding work, and the construction team is selected for the best; through the competition for fee collection, the construction cost can be appropriately reduced Investment control. The above several bidding pricing methods can basically meet the needs of project bidding through flexible use in practical work and strengthen management, and can all achieve good results. Regardless of which method is adopted, the fundamental point lies in the formulation of the basis for the preparation of the base price (bid price) in the bidding documents, and a flexible and applicable method should be adopted according to the nature, characteristics and adaptability of the project.
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