Color temperature expression 
The term color temperature is derived from the terminology in film and television lighting. In the television industry, the 5600K light source is generally considered to be a high color temperature source, and the 3200K is a low color temperature source.
In the process of recording TV programs, the uniformity of color temperature is usually emphasized. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the color temperature balance problem.
This mainly includes two aspects: First, the color temperature of the light source should be consistent with the color temperature of the camera. If the color temperature of the camera is set to 5600K, the color temperature of the light source should also be 5600K. If the color temperature of the light source is higher than the color temperature required by the camera, the picture will be blue. On the contrary, the picture shooting effect will be reddish; secondly, ensure that the color temperature of the main light, auxiliary light, and backlight is the same. Usually, the color temperature of the camera is set to 3200K and 5600K, so the color temperature setting of the light is also consistent with it.
Analysis of spectral characteristics of high color temperature source
Spectral characteristic curve is used to analyze the relationship between spectral wavelength and other variables. In the analysis of light source, if the emission energy of the object is plotted on the ordinate and the emission wavelength is plotted on the abscissa, the curve is also called “spectrumâ€. Energy distribution curve".
The good development prospect of high color temperature light source is mainly based on its excellent spectral characteristics.
Figure: Spectral energy distribution of a two-color white light low color temperature LED light source
Figure: Spectral energy distribution of two-color white light high color temperature LED light source
The above two figures respectively illustrate the energy emitted by the light of each color under the same conditions. Comparing the two graphs, it can be found that among the illuminating energy of the low color temperature LED light source, the energy of violet light, blue light and green light is significantly less than the energy of the three light light sources of the high color temperature light source.
Therefore, if a low color temperature light source is selected, the three colors of purple, blue, and green light in the picture are not saturated enough, and if a high color temperature light source is used, the missing saturation can be compensated, and the whole picture is more layered.
High color temperature light source for a complex and complex external environment
In recent years, studio design ideas have been continuously innovating, from closed studios to open studios, from indoor studios to outdoor studios, and the application of high color temperature light sources to cope with complex external environments.
Take the Shanghai Broadcasting and Television Station's lobby studio as an example. The studio is shown below. The studio belongs to an open and transparent studio, which is an open studio property that not only integrates the broadcast area, the guidance area, and the work environment area, but also has transparent studio attributes such as glass partition and sunlight, and the studio exterior. The environment is very complicated.
Therefore, the designer must solve the problem of the consistency of the color temperature between the broadcast area and the work area, and also consider the daylight exposure problem. The color temperature of daylight is usually 5600K. In order to ensure that it is not affected by sunlight, the studio uses a high color temperature light source for lighting. The high color temperature trichromatic cold light is used as the surface light, and the high color temperature LED spotlight is introduced as the backlight and side light for the first time. The high color temperature spotlight and the imaging light are used as the ambient light of the working area, which finally solves the sunlight and the working area. Problems such as the consistency of ambient lighting make the color of the picture naturally restored.
High color temperature light source for high-speed development of technological innovation
In addition to changes in studio attributes, advanced technology equipment has also changed the choice of lighting sources for lighting professionals. The intervention of a large number of high color temperature light source devices such as LED large screen, liquid crystal screen and projection equipment makes the elements in the studio more abundant, and also provides a new opportunity for the development of high color temperature light source. The reason is that if a low color temperature light source is used for lighting during operation, the colors in these high color temperature light source devices cannot be correctly restored; if a high color temperature light source is used for light distribution, the image color of a large screen device can be correctly restored.
The Oriental Studios open studio is a good example, as shown in the studio above. The studio introduced numerous new elements during the retrofit, including the DLP large screen and PDP screen as the background. In view of the addition of these new high color temperature light source devices, the lighting designer finally chose a high color temperature light source to illuminate the studio.
In this transformation, all light sources use high color temperature LED light source, LED flat soft light as the base surface light, LED spot light as backlight and side light. Through the transformation, the overall visual image of the screen has been greatly improved. At the same time, Dongfang Satellite TV has entered the high-definition era as a high-definition channel, and its successful studio transformation has undoubtedly set a successful example for the application of high color temperature light source in HDTV.
High color temperature light source enriches light changes and enhances stage effects
At the same time that the LED high color temperature light source entered the news studio, the stage high color temperature light source represented by the computer light also entered the variety studio. The function of the computer light is increasingly powerful, including the position of the light, the light and dark changes, the pattern and color changes, as well as special effects such as prisms, zoom, and splash screens. In terms of attributes, in addition to high color temperature (mostly computer lights are high color temperature, about 6000K or higher), it also has the characteristics of good color rendering, high brightness, good light quality modeling effect and good beam shaping effect.
Therefore, the use of computer lights in the variety studios often brings more light and shadow changes, more beautiful stage effects and more shocking audiovisual impacts to the stage pictures. It can be said that high color temperature light sources such as computer lights not only enhance the stage effect of TV art, but also meet the increasing aesthetic needs of people.
High color temperature source enhances color saturation and highlights picture level
It is not difficult to find from the spectral energy analysis curve that the high color temperature light source has better color saturation and the picture is more layered, which is reflected in the application of the virtual studio.
The Shanghai TV S5 Virtual Studio was rebuilt in December 2011. The Shanghai TV station was remodeled for the first time to try a high color temperature light source to illuminate the virtual studio. See the picture below for the S5 virtual studio. The design adopts a circular high color temperature floodlight box with a diameter of 3m in the center of the studio, giving the virtual studio a uniform basic illumination. Combined with the virtual lighting method, the high color temperature flat soft light is used as the surface light, and the high color temperature LED spotlight is the backlight. The final result is very good. After comparison, the use of high color temperature lamps makes the virtual image more translucent, and the virtual scene highlights the overall layering of the picture.
With the continuous innovation of light source and lighting technology, the high color temperature light source technology is also constantly improving. From the traditional method of adding the color temperature of the light source to the Ryden 82 color paper, to today's various high color temperature flat lamps, spotlights, computer lights, etc. The technical parameters such as illumination and color rendering index of high color temperature light source are all improved, which lays a solid foundation for the promotion of high color temperature light source.
On the other hand, the range of applications for high color temperature light sources is also being broadened. From the original use only for outdoor shooting to today's studios, virtual studios and other studios, I believe that the application of high color temperature light sources will be more extensive in the future.
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