**1. Features of Compound Wing/Fixed-Wing Drones:**
A compound wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), also known as a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) fixed-wing drone, combines the advantages of multi-rotor drones with those of traditional fixed-wing aircraft. It can take off and land vertically without the need for a runway, making it highly versatile for urban and complex environments. Additionally, it offers longer flight times and quieter operation compared to multi-rotor drones, along with the ability to glide efficiently during flight. These features make it ideal for various public security applications.
However, due to its more complex design and multiple motors in the vertical direction, the aerodynamic efficiency of a compound wing drone is lower than that of a standard fixed-wing UAV. As a result, its endurance is significantly shorter. For example, a 7-8kg compound wing drone powered by batteries typically has a flight time of 70–90 minutes, while an electric fixed-wing drone of the same weight can fly for 180–200 minutes.
The compound wing drone can reach speeds of up to 20 m/s, allowing it to quickly respond to incidents within its jurisdiction. It is often deployed at police stations or designated locations, with a communication data link covering a 30 km radius. Operators use touch screen computers to control the drone, similar to military drone operations.
Due to its fixed deployment, the drone’s flight path is pre-programmed with environmental constraints such as terrain, high-rises, and no-fly zones. It dynamically avoids these obstacles to reach the target area efficiently. The drone hovers over the target using a 30x zoom photoelectric pod, operating at altitudes between 120–300 meters. This height ensures maximum visibility and detailed observation after zooming. In case of an emergency, its aerodynamic shape allows it to glide safely, reducing the risk of damage in urban areas.
**2. Applications in Police Operations:**
Based on its unique capabilities, the compound wing/fixed-wing drone enhances public security work in several key areas:
1. **Lighting Patrols in Key Areas and Corridors:**
The drone supports patrols in high-risk areas such as roads and waterways, especially at night. By combining high-magnification zoom capabilities with frequent flights, it creates a visible deterrent effect, reducing crime rates. A search laser mounted on the drone helps patrol the ground, reinforcing the message that “the police are always watching.â€
When integrated with projects like Skynet and Xueliang, the drone provides full coverage of monitored areas from above, detecting abnormalities and switching to hover mode when necessary. Its speed of around 20 m/s allows it to cover large areas efficiently, such as patrolling a 3 square kilometer park every 10 minutes.
2. **Air Surveillance and Command:**
In major incidents, such as group disturbances, explosions, or suicide threats, the drone can quickly reach the scene. Operators use a tablet to guide the drone to the target location, streaming real-time video to command centers and ground units. This provides critical aerial intelligence, supporting better decision-making and reducing risks.
Unlike multi-rotor drones, the compound wing model doesn’t require on-site personnel protection, making it ideal for long-term deployments. It can also be used for air observation, checking police force status, and remotely monitoring situations.
3. **Aerial Forensics and Evidence Collection:**
The drone is particularly useful in dangerous operations such as tracking thieves or capturing suspects. Its low noise level allows it to operate undetected from a height of 150 meters, hovering within a 200-meter radius to monitor large areas. With a flight time of over 3 hours, it can conduct multiple missions in a single night, recording valuable evidence.
For example, in cases of oil theft, the drone reduces the need for frontline police involvement, lowering risks and improving operational efficiency.
4. **Search and Rescue and Fugitive Tracking:**
In missing person or fugitive searches, the drone’s fast speed and long battery life allow it to cover large areas quickly. Equipped with infrared sensors, it can locate individuals in forests, mountains, or deserts. Preloaded digital elevation models help it adjust flight paths automatically, avoiding obstacles and focusing on video analysis.
If a target moves, the drone can send coordinates to ground forces via the communication link, enabling efficient tracking and capture.
**3. Considerations for Police Deployment:**
Reconnaissance drones have their roots in military applications, where they are operated by specialized teams. However, police drones are civilian tools designed for cost-effective, practical use. Initially, the development of fixed-wing drones in the civilian sector was limited due to high costs and technical challenges. But with advancements in autopilot systems and GPS technology, fixed-wing drones became more accessible.
Today, multi-rotor drones dominate police use, but compound wing/fixed-wing drones offer greater endurance and speed, filling gaps in specific scenarios.
**1. Renting vs. Purchasing:**
There is a wide variation in how police departments use drones across different regions. In economically developed areas, drones are already integrated into daily operations, while in less developed regions, they are still in the early stages. To manage risks, some departments choose to rent services initially, while others invest in purchasing equipment once training and experience are sufficient.
**2. Future Direction:**
As technology advances, drones will become more automated. Operators may soon only need to point to a tablet to direct missions, similar to military operations. Maintenance tasks could be handled by auxiliary officers, while manufacturers handle complex repairs. Unmanned airports will enable automatic takeoff, landing, and battery replacement, allowing continuous surveillance for 24/7 operations.
In summary, compound wing/fixed-wing drones are transforming public security by offering flexibility, efficiency, and safety in a wide range of applications.
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