Advantages and disadvantages of active crossover and passive crossover

Advantages and disadvantages of active crossover and passive crossover

The reason why the frequency interference phenomenon exists in the crossover point and the crossover crossover area is very simple, because the frequency division attenuation rate of the frequency divider cannot be made infinite, in the crossover intersection area, especially at the crossover point, the tweeter and the bass. The speaker will have the sound of the other band at the same time, and the phenomenon of sound interference is inevitable. Therefore, the higher the frequency division attenuation rate of the frequency divider , the smaller the frequency division intersection area, and the smaller the sound interference of the speaker.

Category divider: Divider has two categories: one is passive divider (PassiVe Crossover), also known as power divider; the other is active divider (Active Crossover), also known as electronic points Frequency .

1, passive crossover

The passive crossover is a built-in frequency divider for the speaker. It consists of a capacitor and an inductive filtering network. It is characterized by a crossover network placed between the power amplifier and the speaker. This crossover divides the full-range audio power signal directly from the power amplifier into bass and treble or bass, midrange and treble, and distributes the divided signals to the speakers of each band in different frequency bands. In the full-frequency high, low or high, medium and low-frequency active crossover speakers, the frequency division task is completed by the passive frequency dividing circuit.

The advantages of passive crossover are: firstly, the structure is simple, the cost is low, and it is installed with the sound, it needs to be adjusted and is easy to use. Secondly, it is easier to connect the system. Just input the full-frequency signal to the power amplifier and connect the amplifier to the speaker. Together, full-range playback can be achieved. Third, there is less power amplifier required. Generally, one power amplifier can carry two full-frequency passive crossover speakers, so the system cost is low.

The disadvantages of passive crossover are:

First, the crossover network has to bear a lot of power and current applied to the speaker, so a larger volume of inductance is used, and since the inductance parameter is directly related to the speaker impedance, the impedance of the speaker is a function of frequency, and The nominal value deviates too much, so the error is large and the calculation is difficult;

Secondly, after the power audio signal output by the power amplifier passes through the capacitor and the inductive filter, it will inevitably cause distortion due to the nonlinearity of the capacitor and the inductor, and the sound distortion is inevitable. Third, the audio power signal output from the power amplifier passes through each Capacitance and inductance devices will cause loss of power signal, so the power signal loss of passive frequency division is large;

Finally, the frequency division attenuation rate cannot be made too high, generally up to 12dB/octave, and the interference in the crossover crossover area is too large. This is because the way to improve the frequency division attenuation rate of the passive frequency divider is to increase the capacitor or inductor. That is, the order of filtering, but increasing the number of capacitors or inductors means that the signal distortion and power loss are increased, and the result of increasing the frequency division attenuation rate brings other problems.

As the name implies, passive frequency division is a kind of “helpless” frequency division method. The full-frequency power signal output by the power amplifier has to be divided, and the frequency division will lead to a series of problems, so it can only be forced to divide the power signal. In order to reduce system cost, civil speakers all adopt passive frequency division. Professional speakers are very different from those of civilian speakers in terms of requirements, listening subjects and users. In addition to passive crossover speakers, there are also active crossover speakers.

2, active crossover

The active frequency divider is a device that divides the full-frequency audio weak signal, and is generally composed of an active electronic circuit frequency division system. The frequency division system is located in front of the power amplifier, and the full-frequency audio is weakly divided. The bass, treble or bass, midrange, and treble signals are sent to their respective power amplifiers, and then output by the power amplifier to the bass, treble or bass, midrange, and tweeters. This method is called active crossover. In the case of weak signals, the frequency division can be achieved with a low-power electronic active filter.

Each speaker unit of the passive crossover speaker has its own power signal interface. Some high- and low-bass discrete speakers can have active crossover and passive crossover. These speakers are equipped with active crossover. (Active) and passive crossover (Passive) switch, the switch on some speakers is also equipped with a locking mechanism to avoid false triggering. When adopting the active crossover mode, be sure to turn the crossover mode switch to the "Active" side, and connect the high-pitched power amplifier to the high-pitched (Hi2h) input and the bass power amplifier to the low-speed input.

The advantages of active crossover are many:

First, due to the use of weak signal electronic line signals for frequency division processing, the sound signal loss is small, the distortion is small, and the reproduction sound quality is good. Second, the frequency division attenuation rate can be made higher than the passive frequency division, reaching 24dB/octave. Easy, the crossover crossover area is much smaller than the passive crossover, and the interference between the high and low woofer sounds in the crossover crossover area is basically overcome; the third is good adjustability and high electroacoustic index.

Insufficient active crossover:

No one is related to sound quality. The main problems are: First, high cost and large investment. Since the active crossover mode is high and the bass is used separately with separate power amplifiers, there are many power amplifiers, such as one-to-two distributed speakers to be driven by two amplifiers; the second is to add an electronic crossover , which makes Connection and adjustment aspects increase the difficulty of use.

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