The use of a frequency divider: As mentioned earlier, there are two main types of frequency dividers—active and passive. A passive crossover is built into the speaker and does not require adjustment by the sound engineer. On the other hand, an active crossover involves more complexity, such as proper setup, correct wiring, and fine-tuning. This article focuses on key considerations when using active crossovers.
1. Front Panel and Function Keys: The front panel of the electronic crossover is shown in Figure 1. Each button, switch, and interface has a specific function, as explained below.
(1) INPUT GAIN: Adjusts the input signal level. It is typically set to the "0" position for optimal performance.
(2) LF DELAY: Adds a delay to the low-frequency signal, ranging from 0 to 2 milliseconds (up to 60 cm).
(3) LF/HF GAIN: Controls the volume levels of the low and high frequency bands separately.
(4) MUTE: Allows you to mute a specific frequency range if needed.
(5) CROSSOVER FREQUENCY: Sets the point at which the signal is divided. For a two-way system, there's one crossover point; for a three-way system, there are two.
(6) RANGE: Selects the frequency range—either 90–900 Hz or 900 Hz–9 kHz.
(7) MODE: Chooses between two-channel two-way or mono three-way operation.
(8) MONO BASS: In stereo mode, this option allows for a mono bass output.
(9) CD EQ: Applies equalization specifically for constant directivity horns, improving high-frequency response.
(10) LIMITER: Restricts the output signal level to protect the amplifier and speakers from damage.
(11) THRESHOLD: Sets the limit threshold with options of -6dB or +18dBu.
The back panel of the crossover includes various connections, as illustrated in Figure 2. Here’s what each part does:
(12) FUSE: Protects the unit from power surges and provides a power outlet.
(13) SERIAL NUMBER: Identifies the product model and serial number.
(14) HIGH/MID/LOW OUTPUT: These are the outputs for high, mid, and low frequencies. In two-way mode, high and low frequencies are sent accordingly. In three-way mode, all three outputs are used.
(15) POLARITY: Adjusts the phase of the signal to ensure proper alignment.
(16) INPUT: Receives the full-range signal. In mono three-way mode, the left channel is used for input.
Understanding these controls is essential for achieving balanced sound and preventing equipment damage. Proper setup ensures that each speaker receives the right frequency range, resulting in clearer and more accurate audio reproduction.
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