The 5G era is rapidly approaching, and 5G technology has become a key battleground for leading manufacturers. To accelerate the development of 5G networks, Datang Mobile is focusing on the Internet of Things (IoT) and the automotive networking sector, aiming to establish a comprehensive ecosystem that spans terminals, networks, platforms, and applications. This strategic move not only aligns with global trends but also positions Datang as a key player in shaping the future of connected technologies.
As network information technology becomes the commanding height of global technological competition, 5G stands at the forefront of this race. Countries around the world are pushing forward, accelerating their 5G development. China's information and communication industry has made significant progress through innovation, from initial concepts to building the world’s largest 5G trial network, showcasing remarkable achievements in the field.
To actively promote the integration and innovation of 5G across various industries, Datang has made strategic arrangements in IoT and vehicle networking. By collaborating with partners, they aim to build a full-fledged ecosystem covering end devices, networks, platforms, and applications. Recently, Datang Mobile partnered with China Telecom and Baidu to launch a driverless vehicle networking initiative at the 3rd New Generation Internet Infrastructure Forum. The collaboration focused on scenario-based requirements for autonomous driving and established the Baidu-Datang Joint Innovation Working Group to explore new opportunities in unmanned technology using edge computing and vehicle networking.
**First, the Key Business Needs of 5G Automotive Networking**
The core of the Internet of Vehicles lies in the vehicle itself. The ultimate goal is to achieve seamless control and information coordination by integrating intelligent and networked technologies. This allows vehicles to exchange data with external nodes through their own intelligent sensors, enhancing environmental awareness and supporting better decision-making. The vision is to create a new generation of cars that can operate autonomously, replacing human drivers.
LTE-V2X is a critical communication technology for vehicle networking, offering both cellular communication (UU) and direct communication (PC5). While UU mode supports high-bandwidth, wide-coverage connections via existing LTE networks, PC5 enables low-latency and high-reliability communication between vehicles and roadside infrastructure, meeting safety-related applications like collision warnings.
In the 5G era, the Internet of Vehicles will evolve from assisted driving to fully autonomous driving. PC5, which relies on short-range communication, may no longer be sufficient for real-time control. Instead, centralized analysis of data from vehicles, roads, people, and networks will be required to send control commands. This data needs to be transmitted over the cellular network. As autonomous driving becomes a reality, passengers will be able to engage in high-bandwidth activities such as video meetings or online gaming while traveling.
Thus, 5G car networking must support low-latency, high-reliability control commands and large-bandwidth, high-traffic services.
**Second, Current Network Challenges**
The current 4G network architecture is limited when it comes to meeting the demands of 5G automotive networking. Here are some of the main issues:
1) **Insufficient Transmission Bandwidth**
Real-time entertainment and interactive services in the 5G car network require multi-megabit speeds. However, the current 4G air interface has limitations, especially for edge users who experience restricted uplink performance. 5G NR aims to increase the air interface speed by 100 times. Additionally, with higher per-user rates, all user data must pass through a centralized core gateway, putting significant pressure on the core network’s transmission capacity.
2) **Excessive Network Latency**
For autonomous driving, the 5G vehicle network requires a latency of just 10ms. But current 4G services rely on multi-layered network architectures, resulting in high transmission delays that fail to meet the low-latency requirements for control commands.
**Third, 5G Automotive Networking Architecture**
To address these challenges, the 5G network architecture must evolve significantly. As shown in the diagram, the following changes are essential:
1) **Core Network Control and Forwarding Separation**
The control plane remains centralized in the core layer, while the data plane is moved to the edge of the convergence layer, enabling faster processing and lower latency.
2) **Access Network CU and DU Separation**
The centralized unit (CU) and distributed unit (DU) of the access network are separated. The DU handles real-time tasks such as physical and MAC layers, while the CU is divided into control and user planes, managing RRC signaling and PDCP data forwarding.
At the heart of the 5G automotive networking architecture is the separation of the core network’s data plane and the deployment of CU-U to form an edge cloud computing node (MEC). This setup reduces processing delays and alleviates the load on the core network for large-scale entertainment data.
Currently, Datang Mobile’s LTE-V automotive networking platform, integrated with MEC, has already been demonstrated in the China Telecom North Research Institute. With the maturation of 5G networks and equipment, the future of autonomous smart vehicle networking is becoming increasingly tangible.
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