The 5G era is rapidly approaching, and 5G technology has become a key battleground for leading manufacturers. To drive the development of 5G networks, Datang Mobile is focusing on the Internet of Things (IoT) and vehicle networking, aiming to build a complete ecosystem that spans terminals, networks, platforms, and applications. This strategic move reflects the growing importance of 5G in shaping the future of connectivity.
In today's world, network information technology has become the commanding height of global technological competition, and 5G plays a central role in this race. Countries around the globe are pushing forward with enthusiasm, accelerating their 5G development. China’s information and communication industry has made significant progress by driving innovation and implementing large-scale 5G trials, showcasing the potential of this next-generation technology.
To promote the integration and innovation of 5G across various industries, Datang has made key arrangements in IoT and vehicle networking. By collaborating with partners, they are working to establish a full ecosystem covering end devices, networks, platforms, and applications. Recently, at the 3rd New Generation Internet Infrastructure Forum, Datang Mobile partnered with China Telecom and Baidu to launch a driverless vehicle networking initiative. This effort focuses on the specific requirements of autonomous driving and has established a joint innovation working group between Baidu and Datang to explore new technologies combining edge computing and vehicle networking.
**First, the key business needs of 5G car networking**
The core of the Internet of Vehicles lies in the car itself. The ultimate goal is to achieve seamless control and information coordination through the integration of intelligent and connected technologies. This allows vehicles to exchange data with external nodes using their own sensors, enhancing environmental awareness and supporting better decision-making. The end goal is to create a new generation of cars that can operate autonomously without human intervention.
LTE-V2X is a communication technology used in connected vehicles, offering both cellular communication (UU) and direct communication (PC5). UU mode leverages existing LTE networks to provide high-bandwidth, wide-coverage connections for services like map downloads. PC5 mode, on the other hand, enables low-latency, high-reliability communication between vehicles and infrastructure, supporting safety-critical applications such as collision warnings.
In the 5G era, vehicle networking will evolve from assisted driving to full autonomy. Traditional PC5 communication may not be sufficient for real-time control due to its short-range nature. Instead, control commands must be sent after analyzing data from the vehicle, road, people, and network. This requires a cellular network that supports both low-latency control commands and high-bandwidth data transmission. As autonomous driving becomes a reality, passengers can enjoy high-traffic services like video meetings and online games while traveling on highways.
**Second, current network challenges**
The current 4G network architecture is illustrated below:
When it comes to 5G car networking, the existing 4G network faces several limitations:
1) **Insufficient bandwidth**: Real-time entertainment and interactive services in 5G car networks require M-level data rates. However, the current 4G air interface is limited, especially for edge users. 5G NR is expected to deliver 100 times the speed of 4G. Additionally, increased user data traffic places a heavy load on the centralized core network.
2) **High latency**: For autonomous driving, the required delay is only 10ms. However, 4G networks involve multiple layers of transmission, resulting in significant delays that cannot meet the demands of low-latency control commands.
**Third, the 5G car networking architecture**
To meet the demands of 5G car networking, the network architecture needs to evolve significantly, as shown in the following diagram:
Key changes include:
1) **Core network separation**: The control plane and data plane are separated, with the control plane remaining centralized and the data plane moving closer to the edge of the network.
2) **Access network split**: The centralized unit (CU) and distributed unit (DU) of the baseband unit (BBU) are divided. The DU handles real-time tasks like physical layer and MAC processing, while the CU is split into control and user planes for signaling and data forwarding.
The heart of the 5G car networking architecture is the decentralization of the core network’s data plane and the deployment of the CU-U in a centralized location, forming an edge computing node known as MEC (Multi-access Edge Computing). This setup reduces processing delays and eases the burden on the core network by enabling local data forwarding.
Currently, Datang Mobile has already demonstrated its LTE-V car networking platform integrated with MEC in the China Telecom North Research Institute. With the continued maturation of 5G networks and equipment, the vision of fully autonomous and smart vehicle networking is becoming increasingly achievable.
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