Solar thermal power generation is an important direction for the use of new energy. It can greatly reduce the cost of solar power generation, the main form of trough, tower, dish (disc) three systems.
Solar thermal power generation refers to the use of large-scale parabolic or dish-shaped mirrors to collect solar thermal energy, provide steam through heat exchange devices, and combine traditional turbine generator technology to achieve power generation. Solar thermal power generation technology is adopted to avoid the expensive silicon crystal photoelectric conversion process, which can greatly reduce the cost of solar power generation. Moreover, this type of solar energy utilization has an advantage that other forms of solar energy conversion cannot match: solar water can be stored in huge containers and can still drive steam turbines for several hours after the sun goes down. .
The development of China's CSP has already achieved certain achievements. However, under these achievements, we must also clearly recognize the problems that exist in the development of industries. Due to the depletion of energy sources, wind power, hydroelectric power generation and other power generation industries have encountered development bottlenecks. Solar energy, as one of the cleanest green energy sources developed in recent years, has great development prospects. In addition, the country attaches great importance to the national inspirational plan to promote the solar thermal power generation industry to the international level. It has the support and assistance of national policies, and is conducive to providing technical personnel for the development of the solar thermal power generation industry and the timely implementation of the experience of the solar thermal power generation industry with other countries. Communication, solar energy as a new energy source, the development experience of all parties is conducive to the development of solar thermal power generation, reduce errors and avoid detours. It can be seen from the above and all parties' investigations that the development of the CSP industry has great potential. However, the current problem is that the CSP technology is developing, but the technology does not have a breakthrough upgrade. Although China's solar thermal power generation industry is now second to none in the world, there is a phenomenon that in other countries, there will be technical breakthroughs in the field of CSP, and the quality of CSP power generation will be improved. However, China's present solar thermal power generation industry still seems to remain on the strategy of expanding its scale.
(B) Lack of experience in large-scale operationsChina's solar thermal power generation industry started relatively late, but the installed capacity of CSP power plants built and planned already ranks among the top in the world. However, our technology is still immature and still lacks experience, especially the experience of large-scale design operations. These experiences require late operations to accumulate. China’s solar energy resources are abundant, mainly in the western part of China and in the north of Shanxi. In recent years, the promotion of solar energy has started large-scale development in China. Inexperienced, we are still more involved in the western part of China, and other projects are less than 1MW. Such “large-scale†is the lack of experience.
(III) Small application of excess capacityThe development of China's CSP industry is still in the early stages of commercial scale, and there are still many deficiencies. The use of solar energy is a manifestation of green energy, but considering the special nature of solar energy, it is currently trying to use solar energy efficiently. The efficiency of solar thermal power generation is still relatively low. On the other hand, in the solar thermal power industry, the middle reaches of the industry The extension chain is very long and can involve many other industries. For example, it can absorb the excess production capacity of cement, steel, glass, chemical and other industries in the production of CSP, and at the same time, it can also drive the development of many other industries. With such development possibilities, China's CSP industry has too few applications for excess capacity.
(D) The market is not yet fully matureThe energy provided by the light and heat production capacity of the application in what areas? The market for the CSP industry is still incomplete. China's domestic petroleum and coal resources are drying up. Wind power and thermal power generation are relatively mature. A mature market is a sign of industry maturity. With a complete system and a mature market, this is a condition not available for CSP. At present, China still has relatively few places for solar thermal power applications, and most of them are still in the experimental stage.
(5) Lack of related talentsThe prosperity of the CSP industry is a development that we can foresee. The large-scale implementation of the CSP industry requires a large number of relevant personnel. The talent currently possessed in China cannot support the development of China's CSP industry, and it is necessary to train and introduce more talents.
Regarding the technical route of solar thermal power generation, Dean Xiao Bin pointed out that the four current solar thermal power generation technology routes are basically recognized by everyone as trough and tower technology. From the perspective of industry development, the next step will be to gradually tilt to the tower or disc type with a relatively high photoelectric conversion rate. At this stage, the choice of the solar thermal power generation technology route is mainly considered from three aspects. First, the maturity and reliability of the technology. Second, the environmental adaptability of the technology route. The climate environment in China is relatively variable, whether imported from abroad or not. Or, independently developed technologies must give sufficient attention to the specific climate environment in which the project is located. Third, it is economical, which is also a problem that developers are very concerned about. At this stage, the status of the five major power generation groups is mostly as the operation or investor of the power station, and does not involve technology research and development or product development. The main issues for investment considerations are economic returns and technical stability. In the absence of expected electricity prices, taking into account the current market conditions and revenue requirements, it is recommended that the technology be relatively mature and less difficult. Only when the project really enables investors to obtain benefits in the promotion process will stimulate the enthusiasm of investors and drive further development in the next step. Dean Xiao said that the Northwest Survey and Design Institute also applied for a 40MW solar thermal power generation project during the construction of a demonstration project organized by the National Energy Administration. The selected technology route was tower technology because the occupation was the commanding point of the technology. . Although after several years of research, there are still many technical constraints and bottlenecks in the implementation.
Regarding whether solar thermal power generation technology will transfer to power station construction and whether it will meet other problems that are not taken into consideration in the design proposal, the researcher Li Xin said that at present, there is not a design institute in China that can include everything from solar islands to conventional ones. The entire power station of the island was designed. This shows that our entire technical reserve is not enough. Therefore, during the construction of the power station, some companies introduced technology from abroad and solved this problem through certain digestion and absorption. “In the whole process of power station development and construction, there are design issues, debugging regulations for commissioning, training of operating personnel, power station operation modes and processes, safety and reliability issues, whether it can generate power at full load, and whether it can reach the number of hours of power generation. All of them are the risk of power station construction. In addition, when designing the power plant, the design institute needs equipment selection, what kind of valve is selected, what kind of heat exchanger is selected, and there are many details.†Dr. Li pointed out that he proposed the development of solar energy-related projects. Should be more exchanges, so that more integration of production, education and research.
With regard to the industrial capabilities of China's solar thermal power generation key equipment components and how to go abroad, President Zhao Hexiang said that as a domestic equipment, he must first be professional and focused. Solar energy is an interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral industry. If the market is flocking to the market, there will be unprofessional investment, unprofessional production, and other unfavorable situations, which will ultimately ruin the entire industry's development prospects. Only professional and focused, it is possible to improve performance, to achieve an optimal cost-effective, which is the domestic equipment should do it; second, domestic equipment must have an innovative attitude, innovation on the basis of professional and focused. For example, she said that when China Haiyang Energy Group Co., Ltd. introduced production lines at the time, solar thermal power generation was still at an early stage in China. Through research, some innovative products were adapted to the construction of domestic solar thermal power plants. Therefore, whether it is performance, size or specifications, as domestic equipment should be positive innovation; Third, as domestic equipment to be internationally recognized, need to allow customers and suppliers to trust. To be reliable, domestic equipment manufacturers must have quantitative indicators, such as time, delivery speed, operation and maintenance, etc. During the installation, the manufacturer and the customer are installed together to form a trust relationship with the customer. Only then can it be recognized by the entire industry and even globally. At present, domestically produced equipment should not be inferior to or better than international products in terms of quality and performance. To make domestic products go out, we must be professional, dedicated, innovative and reliable.
Su Jianjian, deputy general manager, believes that introducing technology from the United States and France and implementing it on their own projects is a process of introduction, digestion, absorption, and innovation. He pointed out that in the process of technology import, Gold Vanadium Energy's first concern is the advancement of technology. Therefore, when selecting the technical route, the focus was placed on the heat storage of molten salt. “We take the slotted molten salt as the core technology direction. This technology direction is also at an experimental stage in foreign countries. We stand on the world’s most advanced technology platform and stand by others’ experience by absorbing lessons learned in the previous decade. On the shoulders, use the wisdom of our Chinese people to sum up a more mature technology," Su said. Gold Vanadium Energy is based on Italy's Archimedean 5MW power plant and its 600-meter demonstration circuit. It summarizes lessons learned at home and abroad, and combines the meteorological and environmental conditions in China for technical improvement. At the same time, he also pointed out that if long-term imports of core components from abroad, it is impossible to reduce the cost of the power plant. Therefore, it is recommended to introduce technology and cooperate with foreign manufacturers at the same time in various aspects of economic and technological cooperation, including the acquisition of equity, through investment to build factories to foreign countries. The introduction of technology. After the introduction of digestion and absorption, based on the design and construction experience, it is a way to export the technology abroad.
The solar thermal power industry has just started. How do international financial institutions view this industry? Under what circumstances will investors generally invest in the industry? In response to this question, Mr. Song Yanqin replied that as the World Bank, including the Asian Development Bank, it is actually very active in the field of solar thermal power generation. However, as a multilateral international financial institution, it is generally concerned with the degree of development of the solar thermal power generation industry by domestic commercial banks. Take the World Bank as an example. As a financial institution under the United Nations, its purpose is to help developing countries escape poverty and achieve global sustainable development. The World Bank is concerned about solar thermal power mainly from these levels: First, whether it meets the important issue of sustainable development, solar thermal power generation due to its technical characteristics meet this requirement; second, the ability to avoid risks; again from the country’s political risk From the perspective of whether the country is stable, there is no war; there is also the reliability of project technology itself, technology maturity, economic returns, investment costs and so on. "As the World Bank, of course, we must consider risks, but we will not be as conservative as ordinary commercial banks. The World Bank is willing to take some technical risks," Song Yanqin said. The World Bank’s support for solar thermal power generation projects is based on the technical and financial sustainability of project evaluations.
Solar photoelectric heating system photoelectric conversion rate is relatively high, the current photovoltaic silicon solar photovoltaic conversion efficiency of about 18%, reversed into AC power and its own consumption after about 15%. More than 80% of the solar energy is lost. It has not been used. 80% is a huge number. Increasing photovoltaic efficiency is the primary means of directly reducing costs.
2, solar thermal power generation system can increase economic efficiencyThe solar photoelectric heating system can not only improve the thermal efficiency of the engine by more than 70% compared with the current engine, but also the exhaust gas exhaust temperature of more than 100°C. It can be used for cooling and heating the waste heat. To realize the triple supply of cold, hot and electricity, and more interestingly, the cold air it generates is superfluous in the winter, and it can be used to build snow-capped mountains parks for people to enjoy, watch and exercise, and play a role in waste recycling. Therefore, It has a variety of fee income.
3, solar thermal power generation system to solve the problem of power shortageThe solar photovoltaic heating system can distribute solar energy, geothermal heat, and hot spring power generation in the city. As a result, solar energy, geothermal energy, and hot spring power generation can be fully applied all over the world. If it is universally adopted, the power of most regions can be solved on the spot. The construction of UHV power grids can be completely eliminated.
4, the status of solar thermal power generation system in the United StatesSolar thermal power generation systems are now in use all over the world. From the point of view of each utilization, photo-thermal power generation technology has been defined as a basic load power station. It is estimated that by 2020, the photoelectric heating in California will occupy about 40% of renewable energy, and the proportion is still relatively large. The United States has also introduced some incentive policies that have also greatly promoted the rapid development of the CSP industry. The United States has also increased its investment in funding. These policy supports have enabled the rapid development of optoelectronic technology.
5. Status of utilization of solar thermal power generation system in the United StatesSolar thermal power generation systems are now in use all over the world. From the point of view of each utilization, photo-thermal power generation technology has been defined as a basic load power station. It is estimated that by 2020, the photoelectric heating in California will occupy about 40% of renewable energy, and the proportion is still relatively large. The United States has also introduced some incentive policies that have also greatly promoted the rapid development of the CSP industry. The United States has also increased its investment in funding. These policy supports have enabled the rapid development of optoelectronic technology.
6, solar thermal power generation system in the global development speedThe global light and heat market has regained its high growth rate in recent years. In the 1970s, it began to rise. In the 1980s, the first batch was established. After a period of stagnation, the 21st century saw a rapid development. The installed capacity of the world is quite large, and the capacity for power generation is also gratifying, and the scale is also expanding. The overall progress of China's CSP is slow. However, the government has already seen the advantages of CSP and believes that it will also show a good momentum of development in the future.
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