TI TIDA-01168 Two-Way Automotive 12V (48V) Power System Reference Design

TI's TIDA-01168 is a four-phase, bi-directional automotive 12V/48V power system reference design that integrates two LM5170-Q1 current controllers and a TMS320F28027F microcontroller (MCU). It supports an input voltage range of 6V to 18V for the 12V side and 24V to 54V for the 48V side. The design includes essential protections such as reverse polarity, overcurrent, overvoltage, and overtemperature, making it suitable for demanding automotive environments. It offers a scalable multiphase architecture with a maximum output power of 2kW and an impressive efficiency of 97%. This reference design is ideal for applications like 12V/48V power distribution, supercapacitor systems, and battery backup converters. This article provides an in-depth overview of the LM5170-Q1, including its main features, block diagram, and application circuits. It details a 60A dual-phase 48V/12V bidirectional converter based on the TIDA-01168 reference design. The content covers key system specifications, circuit diagrams, bill of materials, and PCB layout, offering valuable insights for engineers working on automotive power solutions. The LM5170-Q1 is designed for high-precision dual-channel bidirectional conversion between 48V and 12V battery systems. It regulates the average current between the high and low voltage ports using the DIR input signal. The current regulation level can be controlled via analog or digital PWM inputs, providing flexibility in system design. The controller features dual differential current sense amplifiers and dedicated channel current monitors, ensuring a typical current accuracy of 1%. Its robust 5A half-bridge gate drivers support parallel MOSFET switching, delivering over 500W per channel. The synchronous rectifier’s diode emulation mode prevents negative current flow and improves efficiency during light load operation. Additionally, the device includes multi-function protection features such as cycle-by-cycle current limit, overvoltage protection, and overtemperature detection. An innovative average current mode control scheme maintains a constant closed-loop gain, allowing a single RC network to compensate for both buck and boost modes. The oscillator can be adjusted up to 500kHz and synchronized with an external clock. Multiphase operation is achieved by connecting multiple LM5170-Q1 controllers in parallel or phase-shifting their clocks for higher stages. A low-state UVLO pin disables the device during low-voltage shutdown. Key features of the LM5170-Q1 include: - AEC-Q100 compliance for automotive applications - Operating temperature range: -40°C to +125°C - ESD ratings: HBM 2 and CDM C4B - 100V maximum rating for high-voltage ports - 65V for low-voltage ports - 1% accurate bidirectional current regulation - 1% accurate channel current monitoring - 5A peak half-bridge gate driver - Programmable dead time control - Adjustable oscillator frequency with optional external synchronization - Independent channel enable control - Analog and digital current control inputs - Programmable cycle-by-cycle peak current limit - Overvoltage protection for both high and low voltage ports - Diode emulation to prevent negative current - Programmable soft start timer - MOSFET fault detection and circuit breaker control - Support for increasing or decreasing the number of phases Applications for the LM5170-Q1 include: - Dual battery systems in vehicles - Supercapacitor or battery backup power converters - Stacked buck or boost converters  **Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram of the LM5170-Q1**  **Figure 2. LM5170-Q1 Simplified Application Circuit Diagram**  **Figure 3. LM5170-Q1 Application Circuit: 60A Dual Phase 48V/12V Bidirectional Converter** The TIDA-01168 reference design serves as a development platform for 12V/48V automotive DC-DC converters. It uses two LM5170-Q1 current controllers and one TMS320F28027F MCU to manage the power stage. The LM5170-Q1 employs average current feedback, while the C2000™ MCU provides voltage feedback. This control strategy eliminates the need for phase current balancing in multiphase designs. The system enables high integration, reducing PCB size and simplifying the design process, which accelerates product development. 

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