The MIT Technology Review recently published its "Top 10 Global Breakthrough Technologies" for 2018, marking the 17th year of this influential list that highlights emerging technologies shaping our future.
1. Artificial Intelligence for Everyone
Why it was chosen: By bringing machine learning tools to the cloud, artificial intelligence is becoming more accessible to a wider audience.
Significance: Currently, AI is dominated by a few large companies. However, when integrated with cloud technology, it becomes available to many, driving economic growth and innovation at an unprecedented scale.
Key players include Google, Amazon, Alibaba Cloud, Tencent Cloud, Baidu Cloud, Kingsoft Cloud, JD Cloud, Huawei Cloud, China Telecom Cloud, and Meitu Cloud.
2. GANs – Dueling Neural Networks
Why it was chosen: Two AI systems can create highly realistic images or sounds by competing with each other, a capability machines previously lacked.
Significance: This gives machines a form of creativity, reducing their reliance on humans but also enabling powerful digital forgery tools.
Leading researchers: Google Brain, DeepMind, NVIDIA, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent, Shangtang Technology, Yitu Technology, Yun Cong Technology, and Yushi Technology.
3. Perfect Online Privacy
Why it was chosen: A tool initially developed for cryptocurrency transactions now allows users to browse the internet without revealing unnecessary personal information, making real online privacy possible.
Significance: It helps protect users from data breaches and identity theft, allowing them to engage online without exposing sensitive details.
Key contributors: Zcash, JPMorgan Chase, and Holland International Group.
4. Sensing Cities
Why it was chosen: Alphabet’s Sidewalk Labs aims to build a high-tech community that reimagines urban living. Sensing cities collect and share data openly, enhancing livability and sustainability.
Significance: Smart cities could make urban areas more affordable, comfortable, and environmentally friendly.
Leading organizations: Sidewalk Labs, Toronto Waterfront, and Alibaba.
5. Babel Fish Earbuds
Why it was chosen: While current hardware isn’t perfect, devices like Google Pixel Buds show the potential for real-time translation, helping overcome language barriers in a globalized world.
Significance: Near real-time multilingual translation that is user-friendly is now within reach.
Key developers: Google, Baidu, Tencent, Sogou, Tsinghua University, Harbin Institute of Technology, and Suzhou University.
6. Gene Forecasting
Why it was chosen: Large-scale genetic research enables scientists to predict common diseases and personality traits.
Significance: DNA-based prediction could revolutionize public health, but it also raises concerns about discrimination.
Researchers include Helix, 23andMe, Myriad Genetics, UK Biobank, Broad Institute, BGI, YiZhen, and WeGene.
7. Artificial Embryos
Why it was chosen: Scientists are now creating embryos from stem cells, which can be used for studying development, genetic defects, and drug safety testing.
Significance: These embryos offer new insights into human biology but also raise ethical questions.
Key institutions: University of Cambridge, University of Michigan, Rockefeller University, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
8. Materials’ Quantum Leap
Why it was chosen: Researchers are using quantum computers to model molecules, opening up new possibilities in material science.
Technological breakthrough: IBM simulated the electronic structure of small molecules using a 7-qubit quantum computer.
Significance: This could lead to better drugs, more efficient energy materials, and new innovations across industries.
Major contributors: IBM, Google, Harvard University, USTC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang University, and Alibaba.
9. Practical 3D Metal Printing
Why it was chosen: New 3D metal printers have made it possible to produce complex metal parts efficiently, transforming manufacturing.
Significance: On-demand, low-cost metal printing could revolutionize production, aligning with Industry 4.0 trends.
Leading companies: Markforged, Desktop Metal, and General Electric.
10. Zero-Carbon Natural Gas
Why it was chosen: A new engineering approach allows natural gas power plants to capture and recycle carbon dioxide, reducing emissions.
Significance: Natural gas provides a significant portion of U.S. electricity, and this technology could help reduce its environmental impact.
Key players: 8 Rivers Capital, Exelon Power Company, and CB&I.
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